Compete for $4,000 in cash prizes in the Curtis ’28 and Billie Owens Literary Prize Contests


Tusculum College students may compete for $4,000 in cash prizes by entering the Curtis ’28 and Billie Owens Literary Prize Contests.

Students may submit their best work in Fiction, Non-fiction, Poetry and/or Scriptwriting. Each category’s prize is $1,000.

The rules are as follows:

  • Submit bound entries in a folder
  • Attach a cover letter stating
    1. your name
    2. local address
    3. local telephone number
    4. e-mail address
    5. the title(s) of your work
    6. the genre(s) you are entering
  • Do not include your name or any other identifying information on any page except the cover page
  • Submissions may contain as many stories as you wish, but must total between 10-25 pages
  • Submit at least three poems, no longer than a combined 12 pages
  • You may submit in as many categories as you wish

Submission deadline: 12:00 noon on February 1, 2008

Submit to Pat Stansberry, 213 Virginia Hall

Game Room opening ceremony draws students and staff


There’s a new game room in Katherine Hall! Over the Christmas break, the final touches were put in converting the one-time weight room and locker area in Katherine into a new game room for all students!

The new game room provides students with:

  • a pool table, freshly resurfaced with “Pioneer Orange” felt
  • two Foos ball tables
  • a practice putting surface
  • an X-Box 360, with DDR dance pad
  • a large LCD, flat-screen TV
  • board games
  • darts
  • plenty of space to relax and to converse

During the official opening, students crowded around the cake and other refreshments and chatted with faculty and staff members.

Dean of Students and VP for Student Affairs, Dr. David McMahan introduced SGA President Duane Randolph who officially announced the game room was open to students.

View more photos from the Game Room opening ceremony.

Alpha Chi graduates recognized during commencement


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Sancia Warren, Virginia Swaggerty, Ashley Sinks, and Justin Higgins from left, graduating seniors and members of the Alpha Chi National Honor Society at Tusculum College, were recognized during a reception prior to commencement exercises on Dec. 15.

Juniors or seniors in the top 10 percent of their classes are invited to become members of the honor society.

Graduating seniors receive blue and green cords to wear during graduation to signify their membership in the honor society.

Warren of Hamilton, Va.; Swaggerty and Sinks, both of Afton; and Higgins of Pelzer, S.C., were recognized by Dr. Nancy Thomas, advisor for the honor society, and presented their cords by Dr. Kimberly K. Estep, provost and academic vice president at the college.

More than 300 graduate during winter commencement ceremony


More than 300 students were graduated Saturday morning during the winter commencement at Tusculum College. Ceremonies began at 11 a.m. in the Pioneer Arena located in the Niswonger Commons. Drew Miles and Sudipa Shrestha presented brief student addresses on behalf of the graduating class.

Miles, a Bachelor of Science in Organizational Management major from Knoxville, discussed the Graduate and Professional Studies program approach and the type of students, mostly working adults, who take advantage of it, as he did. For such students, mixing academic life with their family and professional lives is an “amazing balancing act,” Miles said. He noted that the GPS program “sets students up to be successful.” He challenged everyone present to find and congratulate a graduate before leaving the campus on Saturday, including graduates they do now know personally.

Shrestha, a senior Business Administration major with a concentration in accounting, recounted her own history of personal drive for academic success, including starting school at at 3-and-a-half in her native Nepal. “I was the happiest when I was in school … since then my passion to learn has never lessened,” she said. She talked of the unexpected nature of her life experiences, including “traveling 7,000 miles” to attend Tusculum College, and her expectation of soon entering the international business world in New York. She said that Tusculum has given her the “lessons of courage, moral integrity and diplomacy.”

Also addressing the audience was Interim President Dr. Russell Nichols, who discussed the diversity of the graduating class and the fact that each member will “take Tusculum College with you wherever you go the rest of your life.” He wished for them the “good fortune to earn,” and expressed hope that they would find it in themselves to “return” from the fruits of their successes by supporting good causes throughout their lives.

The baccalaureate sermon, entitled “The Fine Art of Failure” was presented by Campus Chaplain Dr. Stephen R. Weisz. He emphasized the capacity of failure to teach life lessons, noting that Thomas Edison, the famed inventor, declared he had more failures than successes in life, but today is remembered as a successful person. Edison’s philosophy was to apply the lessons learned in failure to move forward into success, Weisz said.

Conferring the degrees was Dr. Nichols and Dr. Kimberly K. Estep, provost and academic vice president.

Two bagpipers, Jon Shell and Ben Pollard, led the commencement processional, as is traditional at Tusculum College. Organist James Winfree provided musical accompaniment, with vocal music led by Jill Jones of the Tusculum College staff.

Faculty and Staff Email Information


After Wednesday (12/19), the SquirrelMail interface will no longer be available. Through Wednesday, users who are off-campus and users who are on-campus should use separate links to check their email using SquirrelMail.

  • Off-Campus users, click here
  • On-Campus users, click here

Bonner Leaders host a Christmas party at the Boys & Girls Club of Greeneville and Greene County


Bonner Leaders Christmas Party

Youth at the Boys & Girls Club of Greeneville and Greene County had the opportunity to tell Santa Claus what they want for Christmas, at top left, and create an ornament during a recent Christmas party at the club hosted by the Tusculum College Bonner Leaders.

The Christmas Party was organized and coordinated by two of the Bonner Leaders, Megan Dubois and Morgan Hillard, and the remainder of the students helped volunteer at the different stations set up for the children.

In one station, the children decorated cookies; at another they could have their face painted; one station offered the opportunity to “pin the star on the Christmas tree,” and another to take part in a spirited game of “Musical Chairs” in addition to the visit with Santa and ornament decoration. Designed for students with an interest in service, the Bonner Leader program provides leadership training, a tuition grant and a channel for students to serve in the community through a partnership with the Bonner Foundation.

Women of Courage Award presented to Patty Virginia Sarden


womenofcourageaward-2.jpgPatty Virginia Sarden was honored on Wednesday (Dec. 12) for her service to make the local community a better place to live as she was presented the Greene County Women of Courage Award.

Sarden was presented the award during a ceremony at Tusculum College. The Award is presented by Tusculum’s Center for Civic Advancement, and the award selection process was a project for two students in a service-learning course at the college, Karen Henninger and Heather MacArthur.

“Overall, Pattty Sarden is an outstanding member of the Greene County community,” the two students said.

Accepting the award, Sarden described herself as an “ordinary person.” “I have accepted little responsibilities during my life, but little becomes much when it is placed in the Father’s hand,” she said. ‘Thank you for this award.”

In presenting the award, Henninger and MacArthur described Sarden’s varied service to the community. Sarden was the first president of the George Clem Scholarship Foundation, and was involved with the foundation in the 1980s and helped reorganize it in the 1990s. Sarden helped in the fundraising for scholarships and in selecting the scholarship recipients. She was also part of the reunion committee for the George Clem community.

Born in Limestone and raised in Baileyton, Sarden is the oldest of six children and her commitment to service comes from her grandfather who always told here she could do anything and filled her with the desire to serve others. She was the first black woman to work in television electronics at what was then the Magnavox Company factory in Greeneville.

Sarden, who is married to Jimmy Sarden and has three sons, possesses both artistic and musical creative talent that she has used to serve others. An amateur artist, she gets involved in Black History Month each year by displaying her artwork in the Nathanael Greene Museum in downtown Greeneville.

She writes and recites poetry in the community, and has been involved in a writing correspondence course with children. Sarden also writes children’s stories and Christmas skits. She was the talent coordinator for the Miss Ebony Pageant, which provides girls with an opportunity to present their talents and compete for a scholarship.

A self-taught pianist who started playing at age 11, Sarden is minister of music at Jones Memorial A.M.E. Zion Church and volunteers to play at weddings, funerals, and social events. She has plans to write and direct the first all-black musical in Greeneville to give talented individuals in the George Clem community and other areas of Greene County the opportunity to share their talents and be recognized.

Sarden is a member of the Veterans of Foreign Wars organization. She was involved with the Women’s Home and Overseas Missionary Society from 1999 to 2003 in efforts to teach children how to be good members of the community and have a consciousness of what is right and wrong.

The two students received several nominations from the community for the award. In opening the ceremony, Tusculum Interim President Dr. Russell Nichols told the nominees that each one deserved to receive the award and thanked them for their service of others, which improves the quality of life in the community.

Each of the nominees was recognized, and presented a rose and a certificate from Henninger and MacArthur.
Nominees included:

  • Amy Bowman, a member of the Greene County Humane Society who educates children about the proper care of animals and the importance of getting animals spayed and neutered;
  • Patricia Braxton, a volunteer who makes cards to help brighten the lives of people in the community;
  • Carolyn Brooks, who volunteers with the Wing of Angels, which provides school clothes and supplies to needy children in Greene County and is also a member of the American Women’s Business Association;
  • Matilda Greene, secretary of the Greeneville Arts Council and a member of the board of directors of the Greene County Humane Society, who is also helping raise funds for the creation of the Greeneville Skate Park;
  • Renee Lowery, who is an active member of her church and works for Takoma Regional Hospital;
  • Anna Maddox, a key volunteer at the Mission Soup Kitchen at Tabernacle Presbyterian Church;
  • Sherry Melton, president of the Greeneville Skate Park Association, which is working to provide the park as a positive place for young people to spend time;
  • Dotti Pawlicki, a volunteer for U-Turn for Christ, an organization which helps women overcome difficulties with drugs, eating disorders, and other problems, and for Keep Greene Beautiful and the Opportunity House;
  • Jean Peeks, the creator of the Women’s Club Widows that gives widows a place to find support and meet with other widows in the Greene County area; and
  • Kay Shackelford, who started the Helping Hands Foundation that provides clothes and other services for those in need.

This is the third Women of Courage Award that has been presented. The first honored Mary Jane Coleman, who established the Sinking Creek Film Festival, and the second recognized Lillian Taylor for her work in the community promoting peace and her service to the Andrew Johnson Heritage Association.

Micah Haney is named the inaugural Student of the Block


student-of-the-block-haney.JPGThe inaugural Student of the Block is Micah Haney, a sophomore Sport Management major hailing from Fort Payne Alabama. He is a 2006 graduate of Fort Payne High School and wishes to become a General Manager for a professional sports team in the near future.

Micah is very involved on the TC campus informally as well as through many organizations, including:

  • Student Support Services,
  • Student Government Association (as a sophomore senator and student organization committee chair),
  • Andrew Johnson Society,
  • Physical Education and Sports Studies Club, and
  • Jaycees (national community service organization).

Also serving as an Intern in Physical Education and as a work study for the Intramurals and Recreational Sports program, Micah still manages to maintain a 3.45 GPA.

Micah initially chose to attend Tusculum College because of its size small size and the unique block system but grew to love it because of the people he interacts with daily and all of the activities offered. His favorite memory of Tusculum thus far is meeting new people (he has never met a stranger) and recommends to all TC students that they get involved “because the campus can only improve when people become interested in their own college experience.”

Micah was nominated by the Athletics Department and was touted as a dedicated individual with the will to learn, the want to be challenged, and the dedication to succeed at all he took on. He relished his experience as an intern because it was an opportunity to discover the inner workings of a sports department. “Learning the ins and outs of game day operations was definitely an enlightening experience. I thank them (the Athletics Department) for giving me the freedom to get assignments done in an unrestrictive learning environment. It was a great opportunity and I enjoyed all aspects of it.” stated Micah. Micah credits his mother for his work ethic and will to always work hard at everything he does, as she has taught him that achievements and rewards will come when hard work has come first.

Micah is truly a unique and excellent representative of the Tusculum College community. We value the opportunity to have him in our midst and look forward to seeing what he tackles next!

Frankie DeBusk named Athletic Director at Tusculum College


Frankie DeBuskAfter serving the last four months in an interim role, Frankie DeBusk has been named the permanent Director of Athletics at Tusculum College announced interim president Dr. Russell Nichols.

DeBusk, who also just completed his 10th season as head coach of the Pioneer football program, has been leading the College’s athletic department since August, following the resignation of Ed Hoffmeyer.
During his brief tenure, of the six Tusculum teamsFrankie DeBusk that competed for South Atlantic Conference championships in the fall, four finished in the top half of the league standings, including the men’s soccer team that claimed a share of the SAC Championship and advanced to the NCAA Division II Tournament for a third straight time.
The women’s soccer program finished fourth in the league, but gained the top ranking in the NCAA Southeast Region, punching its ticket for the NCAA postseason for a third straight time and fourth in the last five years. The Pioneers finished with a 15-7 worksheet and advanced to the NCAA Sweet 16 for a second consecutive season.

The Tusculum volleyball team enjoyed its best season since becoming a NCAA II member in 1998 as the Pioneers went 25-10 and finished second in the conference. TC had its first Division II All-American in Vivian Lacy, who was also named the SAC Volleyball Player of the Year.

On the gridiron, DeBusk rallied the Pioneers from a 0-3 start to win six of their last eight games to finish third in the SAC. The 6-5 record gives Tusculum its seventh winning season in the last eight years.

“Frankie DeBusk has proven himself not only as an excellent coach, but also a fine interim Athletic Director,” said Nichols. “He has the respect and admiration not only of the athletics staff, but also his colleagues across the College and in the community. The excellence he has demonstrated in his interim role made it easy to take the next step and offer him the permanent position. I am very pleased that he has chosen to accept that invitation.”

The Pioneers have also enjoyed numerous individual achievements under DeBusk’s watch. Twenty-one (21) student-athletes have earned All-Conference honors, while five have received All-Region distinction so far.
Tusculum student-athletes have also shined in the classroom, with three Pioneers earning the SAC Scholar-Athlete Award for the sports of football, women’s soccer and volleyball. This marks the third straight year that a Tusculum football player has earned this prestigious honor and fifth in the last six seasons. Eight Tusculum athletes have also been named to the ESPN The Magazine Academic All-District Team, as selected by the College Sports Information Directors of America (CoSIDA).

“I would like to thank Dr. Nichols and the Board of Trustees for their vote of confidence in myself and our athletic department for this opportunity,” said DeBusk. “Tusculum College and the Greeneville community has been very supportive of our efforts over the years and I’m very proud to serve as athletic director. I also wish to thank my fellow coaches, staff and especially our student-athletes who have worked so hard both on the field and in the classroom. I’m very proud to be associated with such fine people.”

The winningest football coach in school history, DeBusk has posted a 59-48 record and has the sixth most victories in South Atlantic Conference history. Over the past eight seasons, TC has posted a 52-33 mark including a 9-2 tally sheet in 2003, while claiming the program’s first ever South Atlantic Conference Championship. From 2000-05, the Pioneers recorded five consecutive winning seasons, a first in school history.

In 2001, the Pioneers posted an 8-2 record as that squad tied for second place in the conference and finished ranked 21st in the nation. That team also went undefeated at home (6-0) for the first time in the modern era of football at Tusculum. The .800 winning percentage made TC the second winningest gridiron squad of the 19 four-year institutions that sponsor football in the state of Tennessee in 2001. Only the University of Tennessee (11-2/.846) had a better season.

DeBusk’s 2000 club posted the fifth-best win-improvement in the country by going from 2-9 in 1999 to 7-4 a year later.
In 1998, the energetic DeBusk took over a program that won only three games in its two previous seasons, becoming the third gridiron skipper since the program’s reinstatement in 1991.

In 10 seasons, his teams have rewritten the Tusculum record book by equaling or establishing over 100 team and individual marks. Since joining the South Atlantic Conference in 1999, 57 players have earned All-Conference recognition, including 21 All-Region honorees and 12 All-Americans. Since his arrival at Tusculum, 24 players have continued their playing career at the professional ranks, including 2003 consensus All-American cornerback Ricardo Colclough. Colclough was the 38th overall pick by the Pittsburgh Steelers in 2004, becoming the highest drafted player in South Atlantic Conference history. Colclough became the third player in the history of the South Atlantic Conference to earn a Super Bowl ring as the Steelers defeated the Seattle Seahawks in Super Bowl XL. Colclough is currently playing with the Cleveland Browns.

In 2006, DeBusk mentored Glen Black, who became the first football Academic All-American® in school history. Black also became Tusculum’s first male recipient of the prestigious South Atlantic Conference President’s Award, which recognizes the top student-athlete in the league. Black also became only the second football player to earn this honor in the 17-year history of the award.

DeBusk came to the Greeneville campus after five seasons as an assistant coach at the University of Chattanooga. DeBusk, a 1991 Furman University graduate, established 11 school records at quarterback for the Paladins, while compiling an impressive 31-6 record. In 1988, DeBusk led Furman to a 13-2 mark while capturing the NCAA Division I-AA National Championship. His collegiate career also included three Southern Conference titles and three trips to the NCAA I-AA playoffs. He ended his playing career holding school records with 6,726 total yards, including 5,851 yards passing. He was also responsible for 55 touchdowns (38 passing, 17 rushing). For his efforts, he was honored as Southern Conference Player of the Year in 1990. He also earned All-SoCon accolades in his final two collegiate campaigns. In 1998, DeBusk was inducted into the Furman Athletic Hall of Fame.

Following graduation, DeBusk joined the Furman coaching staff as a graduate assistant coach in 1991 and was a restricted earnings assistant coach at his alma mater in 1992. The Paladins went 13-9 during that two-year span.
DeBusk stayed within the league as he joined the Chattanooga staff in 1993 where he worked with the Moc receivers and quarterbacks for four seasons, before assuming the role of offensive coordinator in 1997. The Mocs posted their most successful season since 1991, with a 7-4 tally sheet in 1997. He also coached current Dallas Cowboys’ standout Terrell Owens, while at the Chattanooga school.

DeBusk was a two-sport star at Greeneville High School, where he guided the Greene Devils to TSSAA playoff appearances on the gridiron as well as a guard on the basketball hardwood.

He is not the first member of the DeBusk family to garner the TC black and orange. His brother, Doug, was a Tusculum Hall of Fame point guard for the Pioneer basketball team from 1991-95.

In 2003, DeBusk was the recipient of the prestigious Art Argauer Award, which is presented to the Tusculum coach of the year as selected by his peers.

Frankie DeBusk is married to the former Jennifer Coffey of Bristol, Tenn. They are the proud parents of their six-year-old son, Ty.

Tusculum offers athletic opportunities in 14 sports including: baseball, basketball (men/women), cross country (men/women), football, golf (men/women), soccer (men/women), women’s softball, tennis (men/women) and women’s volleyball.

Tusculum College students seek nominations for ‘Woman of Courage’ award


Do you know a woman who has made a significant impact in the life of the community and not been widely recognized for it?

Students in a service-learning class at Tusculum College wants to hear from you. The students are seeking nominations for the “Woman of Courage of Greene County” award.

Nominations for the award should include not only the individual’s name but also some information about why the person is deserving of the award (i.e. what significant contribution the nominee has made to the community), and a person(s) or organization(s) to contact for more information about the nominee.

The award is a project for the students, taught by Robin Fife, assistant professor of social science. The project provides students practical experience in research, interviewing, planning and organizing events as well as working together to achieve a common goal in bringing recognition to a deserving individual.

Nominations should be sent as soon as possible to: heathermacarthur@msn.com, or call 636-7372 or fax 636-7237.

Tickets now on sale for Theatre-at-Tusculum production of “Brigadoon”


Theatre-at-Tusculum is proud to present Lerner & Loewe’s “Brigadoon” November 9, 10, 16 & 17 at 7:00pm and November 11 & 18 at 2:00pm in Annie Hogan Byrd Theatre.

This enchanting musical tells the story of two weary hunters, young Americans from New York City, who lose their way in the misty Highlands of Scotland. There they discover the magical village of Brigadoon, where their adventures include mystery, tragedy, comedy and romance.

You won’t want to miss this opportunity to travel to Scotland without leaving East Tennessee!

Tusculum College faculty, staff and students are admitted free with valid TC ID. Other ticket prices are: Adults – $12, Seniors (60 & over) – $10, Children (12 & under) – $5. Tickets are now available and can be reserved by contacting Arts Outreach at the phone number or email below.

jhollow@tusculum.edu
423-798-1620

*TC Students: Meets Arts & Lecture requirement

Elizabeth I offers lessons for leadership in the 21st century, lecture


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From her struggle to unify a religiously divided country under the crown to the challenge to maintain a strong relationship with her subjects, the reign of Queen Elizabeth I of England offers many leadership lessons.

Those lessons were the focus of a lecture Tuesday evening at Tusculum College by Dr. Kim Estep, provost and academic vice president at the college. The lecture was part of the Society of Cicero Lecture Series and Tusculum College Arts Outreach’s Acts, Arts, Academia 2007-08 performance and lecture series.

“Elizabeth I was a successful ruler in an age when there were no other women rulers of significance in Western Europe,” Dr. Estep said. “It is amazing to see what she accomplished.”

Dr. Estep explored six aspects of Queen Elizabeth’s leadership in her 45-year reign. The first was survival as a leader. Elizabeth was the daughter of King Henry VIII and his second wife, Anne Boleyn, who was beheaded when the future queen was 3. Henry’s second marriage was the catalysis for England’s break with the Catholic Church, which wouldn’t grant Henry the divorce he wanted from his first wife who had not produced a male heir, and the subsequent creation of the Church of England.

Henry eventually had a son, Edward VI, who ascended to the throne while still a boy. However, Edward, who had been a sickly child, did not live long enough to produce a male heir. Elizabeth’s older sister Mary then became queen. Mary had remained a Catholic and faced the challenge of bringing the now Protestant England back into the Catholic fold. Mary faced rebellions to try to overthrow her rule, and as the Protestant heir to the throne, those rebellions were often done in Elizabeth’s name. Although she was not involved in Wyatt’s Rebellion, she was imprisoned for it in the Tower of London until she was able to personally meet with her sister, who freed her.

Upon Mary’s death, Elizabeth ascended to the throne, and at age 25 faced the challenge of being a Protestant leader of what had officially again become a Catholic nation. “She had to convince the House of Parliament, including the House of Lords whose members included the Catholic bishops, to accept her reign,” Dr. Estep said. Elizabeth succeeded in getting Parliament to pass the Act of Supremacy, which made her supreme governor over the Church of England, and the Act of Uniformity, which, in essence, made the Anglican Church the national church.

A second aspect of Elizabeth’s leadership was creation of personal relations, Dr. Estep noted. Elizabeth assembled around her a core of counselors whom she trusted and who, in turn, would do anything for her.

Creating appropriate boundaries for her leadership was a third aspect of Elizabeth’s reign. Elizabeth was a masterful manager of her image, Estep said. “She was the original ‘spin’ expert. She knew how to manage her image. She saw herself as the monarch of the people, and she knew how to maintain that relationship with the people.”
In a society in which many could not read, Elizabeth’s portraits were filled with symbolism to visually convey the messages and public persona that Elizabeth desired, Dr. Estep said.

“Elizabeth worked hard during her reign to play up the image of the ‘Virgin Queen,’ sacrificing all for her country,” she said. With this image of purity, Elizabeth very carefully replaces the Virgin Mary in the affections of the people.

Although she was pressured to marry by Parliament and had a succession of suitors, Elizabeth never wed. Perhaps she was wary of marriage because of what happened to her mother and the unpopularity in England of her sister’s marriage to Spanish royalty, Dr. Estep said, and as her reign continues, Elizabeth becomes the romantic ideal of “the great unattainable one” in the minds of the populace.

A fourth aspect of Elizabeth’s leadership was the ability to balance long-term and short-term goals. Elizabeth realized the importance of timing, Dr. Estep said.

After dealing with the religion issue, Elizabeth was faced with the question of what to do with Mary Queen of Scots, her Catholic cousin. “Elizabeth had to maintain a delicate balance,” Dr. Estep said. “With Mary, there were allegations of involvement in plots on the queen’s life, and later, there was the question of what to with James (Mary’s son, who was a Protestant and ruler of Scotland). Parliament wanted her to name a successor, and she was unforthcoming about her successor.”

Elizabeth had great respect for royal blood, which was part of her reluctance to sign Mary’s execution order, but she also realized that Mary’s death would have serious ramifications for the country. “She knew that once Mary Queen of Scots died the cold war that England had with Spain would become a hot war,” Dr Estep said, and that is what happened. “She didn’t like wars – she said war is expensive and has an uncertain result.”

A fifth aspect of Elizabeth’s leadership was a renewal of that leadership. With her long reign, Elizabeth’s close counselors began dying and she had difficulty in selecting advisors from the younger generation, sometimes making good choices and sometimes not. As Elizabeth entered her last decade of rule, the world had changed dramatically from the time she first came to the throne. The age of exploration was beginning, and under the direction of Elizabeth, England gained a toehold in the new world.

However, the last decade of her reign was difficult, Estep noted. “The younger generation wanted more than she was willing to give. And there were the Puritans, who decided that Elizabeth was not Protestant enough.”

A sixth aspect of her leadership was the result of her reign, her legacy. Elizabeth’s reign was marked by religious stability while other countries engaged in religious wars as the Protestant Reformation spread and Catholics fought to maintain their rule, Dr. Estep noted.

In addition, Elizabeth’s reign saw England experience significant economic growth. When Elizabeth began ruling the country, she faced an issue that previous rulers had sidestepped. Impurities in English gold had resulted in inflation and loss of its value in foreign trade. Elizabeth ordered all gold to be returned for re-smelting. The impurities were removed and English gold regained its value, leading to economic expansion.

“It was the result of a hard decision Elizabeth made that none of her predecessors had wanted to make,” Estep said.

A third mark of her reign was trade and settlement. Under Elizabeth, English trade grew, laying a foundation for the country’s later world dominance, and the country made its first stake in the new world, she noted.

A fourth legacy of Elizabeth’s reign is literature. During Elizabeth’s reign, England had a fairly tolerant society and literature and other art forms flourished, Estep said. William Shakespeare and Christopher Marlowe are just two of the greats from this era.

The Acts, Arts, Academia series is presented by Tusculum College Arts Outreach and supported by Dr. Sam Miller in memory of Mary Agnes Ault Miller, Society of Cicero, Hearts for the Arts, the Tennessee Arts Commission, the National Endowment for the Arts, and Arts Outreach.